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Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektromet
Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D >Autismispektrometri :D 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Tunnettiin edellisessä elämässä nimellä Pylly-Iiro
>>86
>>86
Nakki on pienikokoinen ruokamakkara. Sitä syödään usein pikaruokana, keitettynä, paistettuna tai höyrytettynä, sellaisenaan tai esimerkiksi perunasoseen kanssa. Nakeista voi tehdä esimerkiksi keittoa, kastiketta ja nakkisämpylöitä. Nakki on ollut vuosikymmeniä suosittu myyntiartikkeli, ja tyypillistä pikaruoan myyntipistettä onkin perinteisesti kutsuttu nakkikioskiksi.
Nakki, kuten Suomessa syötävät makkarat enimmäkseen, on saksalaista alkuperää. 1800-luvun lopulla suomalaiset makkaramestarit toivat nakkien tekotaidon Saksasta esikuvanaan wienerwurst, joka tunnetaan myös frankfurterin nimellä. Nakkien valmistus oli pitkään käsityötä, ja se olikin lähempänä juhla- kuin arkiruokaa 1900-luvun alkuvuosikymmeninä.
Nakkien suosio kasvoi teollisen tuotannon myötä ja hinnan halvennuttua, eritoten kuorettomien nakkien tultua markkinoille 1960-luvulla. 2000-luvulla kuorettomia nakkeja myydään jo enemmän kuin kuorellisia.
This tale grew in the telling, until it became a history of the Great War of the Ring and included many glimpses of the yet more ancient history that preceded it. It was begun soon after The Hobbit was written and before its publication in 1937; but I did not go on with this sequel, for I wished first to complete and set in order the mythology and legends of the Elder Days, which had then been taking shape for some years. I desired to do this for my own satisfaction, and I had little hope that other people would be interested in this work, especially since it was primarily linguistic in inspiration and was begun in order to provide the necessary background of 'history' for Elvish tongues.
When those whose advice and opinion I sought corrected little hope to no hope, I went back to the sequel, encouraged by requests from readers for more information concerning hobbits and their adventures. But the story was drawn irresistibly towards the older world, and became an account, as it were, of its end and passing away before its beginning and middle had been told. The process had begun in the writing of The Hobbit, in which there were already some references to the older matter: Elrond, Gondolin, the High-elves, and the orcs, as well as glimpses that had arisen unbidden of things higher or deeper or darker than its surface: Durin, Moria, Gandalf, the Necromancer, the Ring. The discovery of the significance of these glimpses and of their relation to the ancient histories revealed the Third Age and its culmination in the War of the Ring.
Those who had asked for more information about hobbits eventually got it, but they had to wait a long time; for the composition of The Lord of the Rings went on at intervals during the years 1936 to 1949, a period in which I had many duties that I did not neglect, and many other interests as a learner and teacher that often absorbed me. The delay was, of course, also increased by the outbreak of war in 1939, by the end of which year the tale had not yet reached the end of Book One. In spite of the darkness of the next five years I found that the story could not now be wholly abandoned, and I plodded on, mostly by night, till I stood by Balin's tomb in Moria. There I halted for a long while. It was almost a year later when I went on and so came to Lothlórien and the Great River late in 1941. In the next year I wrote the first drafts of the matter that now stands as Book Three, and the beginnings of chapters I and III of Book Five; and there as the beacons flared in Anórien and Théoden came to Harrowdale I stopped. Foresight had failed and there was no time for thought.
It was during 1944 that, leaving the loose ends and perplexities of a war which it was my task to conduct, or at least to report, I forced myself to tackle the journey of Frodo to Mordor. These chapters, eventually to become Book Four, were written and sent out as a serial to my son, Christopher, then in South Africa with the RAF. Nonetheless it took another five years before the tale was brought to its present end; in that time I changed my house, my chair, and my college, and the days though less dark were no less laborious. Then when the 'end' had at last been reached the whole story had to be revised, and indeed largely re-written backwards. And it had to be typed, and re-typed: by me; the cost of professional typing by the ten-fingered was beyond my means.
The Lord of the Rings has been read by many people since it finally appeared in print; and I should like to say something here with reference to the many opinions or guesses that I have received or have read concerning the motives and meaning of the tale. The prime motive was the desire of a tale-teller to try his hand at a really long story that would hold the attention of readers, amuse them, delight them, and at times maybe excite them or deeply move them. As a guide I had only my own feelings for what is appealing or moving, and for many the guide was inevitably often at fault. Some who have read the book, or at any rate have reviewed it, have found it boring, absurd, or contemptible; and I have no cause to complain, since I have similar opinions of their works, or of the kinds of writing that they evidently prefer. But even from the points of view of many who have enjoyed my story there is much that fails to please. It is perhaps not possible in a long tale to please everybody at all points, nor to displease everybody at the same points; for I find from the letters that I have received that the passages or chapters that are to some a blemish are all by others specially approved. The most critical reader of all, myself, now finds many defects, minor and major, but being fortunately under no obligation either to review the book or to write it again, he will pass over these in silence, except one that has been noted by others: the book is too short.
As for any inner meaning or 'message', it has in the intention of the author none. It is neither allegorical nor topical. As the story grew it put down roots (into the past) and threw out unexpected branches: but its main theme was settled from the outset by the inevitable choice of the Ring as the link between it and The Hobbit. The crucial chapter, ;quot;The Shadow of the Past', is one of the oldest parts of the tale. It was written long before the foreshadow of 1939 had yet become a threat of inevitable disaster, and from that point the story would have developed along essentially the same lines, if that disaster had been averted. Its sources are things long before in mind, or in some cases already written, and little or nothing in it was modified by the war that began in 1939 or its sequels.
The real war does not resemble the legendary war in its process or its conclusion. If it had inspired or directed the development of the legend, then certainly the Ring would have been seized and used against Sauron; he would not have been annihilated but enslaved, and Barad-dûr would not have been destroyed but occupied. Saruman, failing to get possession of the Ring, would in the confusion and treacheries of the time have found in Mordor the missing links in his own researches into Ring-lore, and before long he would have made a Great Ring of his own with which to challenge the self-styled Ruler of Middle-earth. In that conflict both sides would have held hobbits in hatred and contempt: they would not long have survived even as slaves.
Other arrangements could be devised according to the tastes or views of those who like allegory or topical reference. But I cordially dislike allegory in all its manifestations, and always have done so since I grew old and wary enough to detect its presence. I much prefer history, true or feigned, with its varied applicability to the thought and experience of readers. I think that many confuse 'applicability' with 'allegory'; but the one resides in the freedom of the reader, and the other in the purposed domination of the author.
An author cannot of course remain wholly unaffected by his experience, but the ways in which a story-germ uses the soil of experience are extremely complex, and attempts to define the process are at best guesses from evidence that is inadequate and ambiguous. It is also false, though naturally attractive, when the lives of an author and critic have overlapped, to suppose that the movements of thought or the events of times common to both were necessarily the most powerful influences. One has indeed personally to come under the shadow of war to feel fully its oppression; but as the years go by it seems now often forgotten that to be caught in youth by 1914 was no less hideous an experience than to be involved in 1939 and the following years. By 1918 all but one of my close friends were dead. Or to take a less grievous matter: it has been supposed by some that 'The Scouring of the Shire' reflects the situation in England at the time when I was finishing my tale. It does not. It is an essential part of the plot, foreseen from the outset, though in the event modified by the character of Saruman as developed in the story without, need I say, any allegorical significance or contemporary political reference whatsoever. It has indeed some basis in experience, though slender (for the economic situation was entirely different), and much further back. The country in which I lived in childhood was being shabbily destroyed before I was ten, in days when motor-cars were rare objects (I had never seen one) and men were still building suburban railways. Recently I saw in a paper a picture of the last decrepitude of the once thriving corn-mill beside its pool that long ago seemed to me so important. I never liked the looks of the Young miller, but his father, the Old miller, had a black beard, and he was not named Sandyman.
The llama (/ˈlɑːmə/; Spanish: [ˈʝama] locally [ˈʎama] or [ˈʒama]) (Lama glama) is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era.
The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is 1.7 to 1.8 m (5.6 to 5.9 ft) tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between 130 and 200 kg (290 and 440 lb). At birth, a baby llama (called a cria) can weigh between 9 and 14 kg (20 and 31 lb). Llamas typically live for 15 to 25 years, with some individuals surviving 30 years or more.[2][3][4]
They are very social animals and live with other llamas as a herd. The wool produced by a llama is very soft and lanolin-free. Llamas are intelligent and can learn simple tasks after a few repetitions. When using a pack, they can carry about 25 to 30% of their body weight for 8 to 13 km (5–8 miles).[5]
The name llama (in the past also spelled 'lama' or 'glama') was adopted by European settlers from native Peruvians.[6]
Llamas appear to have originated from the central plains of North America about 40 million years ago. They migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000–12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in North America.[5] As of 2007, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America, and due to importation from South America in the late 20th century, there are now over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas in the United States and Canada.[7]
The llama (/ˈlɑːmə/; Spanish: [ˈʝama] locally [ˈʎama] or [ˈʒama]) (Lama glama) is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era.
The height of a full-grown, full-size llama is 1.7 to 1.8 m (5.6 to 5.9 ft) tall at the top of the head, and can weigh between 130 and 200 kg (290 and 440 lb). At birth, a baby llama (called a cria) can weigh between 9 and 14 kg (20 and 31 lb). Llamas typically live for 15 to 25 years, with some individuals surviving 30 years or more.[2][3][4]
They are very social animals and live with other llamas as a herd. The wool produced by a llama is very soft and lanolin-free. Llamas are intelligent and can learn simple tasks after a few repetitions. When using a pack, they can carry about 25 to 30% of their body weight for 8 to 13 km (5–8 miles).[5]
The name llama (in the past also spelled 'lama' or 'glama') was adopted by European settlers from native Peruvians.[6]
Llamas appear to have originated from the central plains of North America about 40 million years ago. They migrated to South America about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange. By the end of the last ice age (10,000–12,000 years ago), camelids were extinct in North America.[5] As of 2007, there were over seven million llamas and alpacas in South America, and due to importation from South America in the late 20th century, there are now over 158,000 llamas and 100,000 alpacas in the United States and Canada.[7]
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Vesuuv (itaalia Vesuvio, ladina Vesuvius) on vulkaan Euroopas Apenniini poolsaarel Türreeni mere kaldal. Ta asub Campanias Napoli lahe ääres Napolist kagus. Vulkaan on tänapäeval 1281 meetrit kõrge. Vesuuv on ainus tegevvulkaan Euroopa mandriosas.
Vesuuvi ümbruses on toimunud mitu sõjaajalooliselt olulist sündmust: pärimuse järgi hukkus Vesuuvi lähedal 340 eKr võitluses latiinide vastu Publius Decius Mus vanem, 73 eKr kogus seal oma poolehoidjaid Spartacus ning 553 langes Vesuuvi lähedal Lactariuse mäe juures viimane idagootide kuningas Teja, võideldes Bütsantsi väejuhi Narsesega.
Koordinaatit: 40°49′N, 14°26′E
Sijainti Italiassa, lähellä Napolin kaupunkia.
Geologia
Tyyppi kerrostulivuori
Purkautunut viimeksi 1944
Vesuvius (ital. monte Vesuvio) on tulivuori Italiassa. Se on 1 281 metriä korkea[1] ja sijaitsee Napolista yhdeksän kilometriä itään Napolinlahden lähistöllä. Tulivuoren rinteillä sijaitsee useita kaupunkeja ja useita miljoonia ihmisiä asuu mahdollisten purkausten vaikutusalueella.[1]
Vesuvius on purkautunut useita kertoja, joista tunnetuin tapahtui 24. elokuuta 79 jaa. Silloin purkaus tuhosi Pompejin ja Herculaneumin kaupungit ja tappoi tuhansia ihmisiä. Purkauksen kuuluisin uhri oli Plinius vanhempi, roomalainen kirjailija ja luonnontieteilijä. Vesuviuksen viimeinen purkaus tapahtui maaliskuussa 1944.[1] Sitä pidetään kuitenkin vaarallisena, vaikka toisinaan tulivuoret pitävät jopa tuhansien vuosien taukoja purkausten välillä. Vesuvius on rakenteeltaan keilamainen kerrostulivuori, jollaisia on mannerlaattojen rajalla. Tulivuoresta purkautuu jähmeää andesiittista laavaa. Vesuvius on rakentunut muinaisen Monte Somman tulivuoren kalderaan, joka on alkanut kehittyä vähitellen 17 000 vuotta sitten.[1]
Sisällysluettelo
1 Vesuviuksen purkaukset
2 Vesuvius populaarikulttuurissa
3 Lähteet
4 Aiheesta muualla
Vesuviuksen purkaukset
Vesuviuksen purkaus 26. huhtikuuta 1872.
Vesuviuksen purkaukset johtuvat Afrikan laatan työntymisestä Euraasian laatan alle. Afrikan laatta sulaa maan syvyyksissä ja nousee ylös andesiittisena, sitkeänä laavana. Vesuviuksen purkaushistoriaa on kirjoitettu muistiin erityisesti vuodesta 79 jaa. lähtien. Varhaisin havainto on eräiden lähteiden mukaan peräti vuodelta 2500 eaa. Vesuvius on purkautunut useita kertoja antiikin aikana ja keskiajalla sekä uudella ajalla. Isoja purkauksia on ollut viimeisen 17 000 vuoden aikana kahdeksan kappaletta.[1] Vuodesta 79 alkaen purkauksia oli vain ajoittain, kun taas vuodesta 1631 vuoteen 1944 niitä oli säännöllisemmin.[1] Näistä paljon tuhoja aiheuttanut vuoden 1631 purkaus on ollut suurin vuoden 79 purkauksen jälkeen.[1] Vuoden 1631 purkauksessa kuoli 4 000 ihmistä.[2]
1700-luvulla oli kuusi purkausta ja 1800-luvulla kahdeksan, joista tunnetuin oli 1872. 1900-luvulla on Vesuvius purkautunut vuosina 1906, 1929 ja 1944. Vuoden 1944 purkaus tuhosi kylät San Sebastiano al Vesuvio, Massa di Somma ja osan San Giorgio a Cremanon kylästä. Vuoden 1944 jälkeen Vesuvius ei ole purkautunut.[2] Aktiivisina kausina purkausten välit ovat vaihdelleet 18 kuukaudesta 7,5 vuoteen, joten meneillään on pisin hiljainen kausi 500 vuoteen.
tititii
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>>22
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>>23
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miksi toi tyttö hymyilee?
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